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Events

1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, only days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin.

1253 - Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.

1788 - Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.

1789 - Mutiny on the HMS Bounty. Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then sets sail for Pitcairn Island.

1796 - The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, the King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.

1862 - American Civil War: Admiral David Farragut captures New Orleans, Louisiana.

1920 - Azerbaijan is added to the Soviet Union.

1930 - The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas.

1932 - A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans.

1945 - Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed by members of the Italian resistance movement.

1947 - Thor Heyerdahl and five crewmates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to prove that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.

1950 - King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej, got married with his queen, Queen Sirikit, after their quiet engagement in Lausanne, Switzerland on July 19, 1949.

1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Commander of NATO.

 
 

1952 - Occupied Japan: The United States occupation of Japan ends.

1965 - United States troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate U.S. citizens.

1967 - Expo 67 opens in Montréal, Québec, Canada.

1969 - Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.

1970 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.

1977 - The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.

1977 - The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure is signed.

1978 - President of Afghanistan Mohammed Daoud Khan is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.

1981 - Galician current Statute of Autonomy.

1986 - United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to transit the Suez Canal, navigating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve USS Coral Sea, on station across the "Line of Death" in the Gulf of Sidra off the coast of Libya. The transit began at 0300 and lasted 12 hours.

1987 - U.S. engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by U.S.-funded Contras in northern Nicaragua.

1988 - Near Maui, Hawaii, a flight attendant is sucked out of Aloha Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when an upper part of the plane's cabin area rips off in mid-flight. Metal fatigue is later found to be the cause of the failure.

1994 - Former Central Intelligence Agency official Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.

 
 

1996 - Whitewater scandal: President Bill Clinton gives 4 1/2 hour videotaped testimony for the defense.

1996 - Port Arthur massacre: Martin Bryant kills 35 people and wounds another 18 in Tasmania, Australia.

1997 - The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention goes into effect. Russia, Iraq and North Korea were notable nations who had not ratified the treaty.

2001 - Millionaire Dennis Tito becomes the world's first space tourist.

2003 - Apple Computer's iTunes Music Store launches, selling 1 million songs in its first week.

2005 - The Patent Law Treaty goes into effect.

 

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