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Events

1493 - Great fire in Moscow.

1540 - Thomas Cromwell, is executed on order from Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.

1794 - Maximilien Robespierre is guillotined in front of a cheering crowd, for sending thousands of others to a similar fate during the French Revolution.

1809 - Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a much larger French force under Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Talavera.

1821 - Peru: Jose de San Martin declares independence from Spain.

1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church begins - Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.

1866 - The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.

1868 - The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is adopted guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.

1873 - The Japanese government implements land and tax reform as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms.

1878 - Great Britain's William Gowland becomes the first non-Japanese to reach Yarigatake peak (3,180 meters), and he names the mountain the Japanese Alps, a name that is eventually used to refer to the entire mountain range.

1914 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it failed to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian assassin. This event leads to the outbreak of war.

1930 - R.B. Bennett is elected Prime Minister of Canada, defeating William Lyon Mackenzie King in the federal election.

1932 - US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, DC.

 
 

1942 - World War II: USSR leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227 in response to alarming German advances into Russia. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so will be immediately killed.

1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah - The British bomb Hamburg causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.

1945 - Jose Bustamante y Rivero becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru.

1945 - A US Army bomber accidentally crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 injuring 26.

1950 - Manuel Odría becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru.

1956 - Manuel Prado Ugarteche becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru.

1963 - Fernando Belaúnde Terry becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru for a first time.

1965 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.

1973 - Summer Jam at Watkins Glen rock festival attended by 600,000 to see The Allman Brothers Band, The Band, and the Grateful Dead.

1976 - The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude flattens Tangshan, China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.

1980 - Fernando Belaúnde Terry becomes Constitutional President of the Republic Peru for a second time.

1985 - Alan García becomes president of Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru.

1990 - Alberto Fujimori becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru for a first time.

 
 

1995 - Alberto Fujimori becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru for a second time.

1996 - Kennewick Man, the remains of a prehistoric man, was discovered near Kennewick, Washington.

1997 - Guatemala becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1998 - Monica Lewinsky scandal: Ex-White House intern, Monica Lewinsky receives transactional immunity in exchange for her grand jury testimony concerning her relationship with US President Bill Clinton.

2000 - Alberto Fujimori becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru for a third time.

2001 - Alejandro Toledo becomes Constitutional President of the Republic of Peru.

2002 - Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, were rescued after 77 hours underground.

2005 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army (The IRA) call an end to their thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.

 

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