What happened on September 12 ?

413 - Marcellinus of Carthage, Christian saint

1185 - Andronicus I Comnenus (tortured by the City mob)

1213 - King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (b. 1174)

1362 - Pope Innocent VI

1369 - Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (plague) (b. 1345)

1500 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (b. 1443)

1612 - Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (b. 1552)

1642 - Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars, French conspirator (b. 1620)

1660 - Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist, and politician (b. 1577)

1665 - Jean Bolland, Flemish Jesuit writer (b. 1596)

1672 - Tanneguy Lefebvre, French classical scholar (b. 1615)

1683 - King Afonso VI of Portugal (b. 1643)

1691 - John George III, Elector of Saxony (b. 1647)

1712 - Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter (b. 1637)

1733 - François Couperin, French composer (b. 1668)

1764 - Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (b. 1683)

1779 - Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician (b. 1711)

1819 - Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (b. 1742)

1836 - Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (b. 1801)

1870 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (b. 1836)

1874 - François Guizot, French historian and statesman (b. 1787)

1918 - George Reid, fourth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845)

1919 - Leonid Andreyev, Russian writer (b. 1871)

1923 - Jules Violle, French physicist and inventor (b. 1841)

1927 - Sarah Frances Whiting, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1847)

1929 - Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (b. 1865)

1941 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1869)

1945 - Hajime Sugiyama, Japanese general (committed suicide, b. 1880)

1953 - Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (b. 1884)

1956 - Hans Carossa, German writer (b. 1878)

1961 - Carl Hermann, German physicist (b. 1898)

1968 - Tommy Armour, Scottish golfer (b. 1894)

1972 - William Boyd, American actor (b. 1895)

1977 - Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (b. 1946)

1981 - Eugenio Montale, Italian poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)

1992 - Anthony Perkins, American actor (b. 1932)

1993 - Raymond Burr, Canadian actor (b. 1917)

1993 - Willie Mosconi, American billiards player (b. 1913)

1994 - Tom Ewell, American actor (b. 1909)

1994 - Boris Yegorov, cosmonaut (b. 1937)

1994 - Frank Eugene Corder, suicide pilot crashed into the White House lawn (b. 1956)

2001 - Victor Wong, Chinese-American actor (b. 1927)

2003 - Johnny Cash, American singer and guitarist (b. 1932)