What happened on August 22 ?

565 - St. Columba reported seeing a monster in Loch Ness, Scotland

1485 - The Battle of Bosworth Field decisively ends the Wars of the Roses

1559 - Bartholome de Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy

1642 - Charles I calls the English Parliament traitors. Beginning of the English Civil War

1654 - Jacob Barsimson arrives in New Amsterdam. He is the first Jewish immigrant to what is later the United States

1717 - Spanish troops land on Sardinia

1770 - James Cook's expedition lands on the east coast of Australia

1775 - King George III declares the American colonies to be in open rebellion

1780 - James Cook's ship Resolution returns to England (Cook having been killed on Hawaii during the voyage)

1791 - Beginning of the Haitian Slave Revolution in Saint-Domingue

1798 - French troops land in County Mayo, Ireland to aid Wolfe Tone's United Irishmen's Irish Rebellion

1846 - The United States annexes New Mexico

1851 - Gold is discovered in Australia

1851 - The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.

1875 - The Treaty of Saint Petersburg between Japan and Russia is ratified, providing for the exchange of Sakhalin for the Kuril Islands.

1864 - Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention. The Red Cross is formed.

1901 - Cadillac Motor Company founded

1902 - Theodore Roosevelt became the first President of the United States to ride in an automobile

1910 - Japan illicitly annexes Korea with the signing of the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty. The name Korea was abolished and replaced with the ancient name Joseon.

1911 - Theft of the Mona Lisa is discovered

1914 - World War I: In Belgium, British and German troops clash for the first time in the war.

1922 - Michael Collins, Commander-in-Chief of the Irish Free State Army is shot dead during an Anti-Treaty ambush at Beal na mBlath, County Cork, during the Irish Civil War.

1926 - Gold discovered in Johannesburg, South Africa

1938 - Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers are on the cover of Life Magazine

1941 - World War II: German troops reach Leningrad, leading to the siege of Leningrad

1942 - World War II: Brazil declares war on the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan)

1944 - World War II: Last transport of French Jews to concentration camps in Germany

1944 - World War II: Thirty-two Spaniards & four French Maquis tackle a German column (1,300 men in 60 lorries, with 6 tanks & 2 self-propelled guns), at La Madeiline, France. Three Maquis are wounded, with 110 Germans killed and 200 wounded.

1944 - World War II: Romania captured by the Soviet Union

1950 - Althea Gibson becomes the first black competitor in international tennis

1953 - The jail on Devil's Island is closed

1962 - An attempt to assassinate French president Charles de Gaulle fails

1962 - The NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered ship, completes its maiden voyage

1963 - Joe Walker in X-15 test plane reaches altitude of 106 km (67 miles)

1968 - Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the first visit of a pope to Latin America

1969 - Elvis Presley begins performing live again in Las Vegas

1970 - Neil Young released his album, "After The Gold Rush."

1972 - Rhodesia is expelled by the IOC for its racist policies

1973 - U.S. President Richard Nixon names Henry Kissinger as secretary of state.

1978 - The Frente Sandinista de Liberacion or FSLN occupies national palace in Nicaragua

1979 - Led Zeppelin released their album, "In Through The Out Door."

1988 - The Australian koala, the first platinum coin, is issued

1989 - The first ring of Neptune is discovered

1989 - Nolan Ryan strikes out Rickey Henderson to become the first Major League Baseball pitcher to record 5000 strikeouts.

1992 - FBI HRT sniper Lon Horiuchi shoots and kills Vicki Weaver during an 11-day siege at her home at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.

2004 - The Scream, the painting by Edvard Munch, is stolen at gunpoint from a museum in Oslo, Norway.