What happened on April 3 ?

1077 - Creation of the first Parliament of Friuli.

1559 - The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.

1860 - The first successful Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins, and is completed on April 13.

1865 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.

1882 - American Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed in Saint Joseph, Missouri by Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward.

1885 - Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his engine design.

1895 - The libel trial instigated by Oscar Wilde against the Marquess of Queensbury begins, eventually resulting in Wilde's arrest, trial and imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.

1896 - The first publication of La Gazzetta dello Sport newspaper in Italy.

1917 - Vladimir Lenin arrives at Finland Railway Station in Russia from exile, marking the beginning of Bolshevik leadership in the Russian Revolution.

1922 - Joseph Stalin became the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1929 - RMS Queen Mary is ordered from John Brown & Company Shipbuilding and Engineering by Cunard Line.

1936 - Richard Bruno Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, the baby son of Anne and world-famous pilot Charles Lindbergh.

1941 - Hungarian and German troops march into Yugoslavia.

1942 - World War II: Japanese forces begin an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula. Bataan falls on April 9 and the Bataan Death March began.

1946 - Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.

1948 - President Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.

1948 - In Jeju, South Korea, locals simultaneously raid the island's police stations, marking the start of a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses known as the Jeju massacre.

1953 - TV Guide debuts.

1955 - The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.

1956 - Elvis Presley sings "Heartbreak Hotel" on the Milton Berle Show, with an estimated 25% of the United States population viewing.

1956 - The western part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly F5 tornado (known as the Standale Tornado).

1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "mountaintop" speech.

1969 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.

1973 - The first portable cell phone call is placed in New York City.

1974 - The Super Outbreak occurs, with 148 tornadoes affecting 13 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province in 18 hours, the biggest tornado outbreak in recorded history. The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.

1975 - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title.

1996 - Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his Montana cabin.

1996 - An United States Air Force 737 carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown crashes in Croatia, killing all 35 on-board.

1997 - Thalit massacre begins in Algeria; all but 1 of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.

2000 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.

2004 - Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves with explosives.